What is Knee Surgery?

Knee surgery encompasses a range of surgical procedures aimed at diagnosing, treating, and repairing various knee conditions and injuries. Depending on the specific issue, knee surgery can involve minimally invasive techniques, such as arthroscopy, or more extensive procedures, like ligament reconstruction or joint replacement. The primary goal of knee surgery is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Types of Knee Surgery

1. Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive procedure that uses a small camera (arthroscope) to diagnose and treat issues within the knee joint, such as meniscal tears, cartilage damage, and ligament injuries.
2. Meniscectomy or Meniscus Repair: Removal or repair of a torn meniscus, the cartilage that cushions the knee joint.
3. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction: A surgical procedure to replace a torn ACL, a key ligament that stabilises the knee.
4. Partial Knee Replacement: Replacement of only the damaged part of the knee joint, preserving healthy bone and tissue.
5. Total Knee Replacement: Replacement of the entire knee joint with artificial components.
6. Osteotomy: Realignment of the bones to relieve pressure on the knee joint.

Why is Knee Surgery Done?

Knee surgery is performed to address a variety of knee problems that cause pain, instability, and reduced function. Common reasons for knee surgery include:

• Severe Osteoarthritis: When conservative treatments fail to alleviate pain and restore function.
• Ligament Injuries: Such as ACL tears that compromise knee stability.
• Meniscal Tears: That cause pain, swelling, and impaired knee movement.
• Cartilage Damage: Leading to pain and joint dysfunction.
• Knee Deformities: Such as bowleg or knock-knee that affect mobility and quality of life.
• Traumatic Injuries: Such as fractures or dislocations that require surgical intervention.

Who Might Need Knee Surgery?

Knee surgery is recommended for individuals who experience:

• Persistent knee pain that interferes with daily activities and does not respond to conservative treatments.
• Knee instability or locking, making it difficult to move the joint.
• Reduced range of motion in the knee.
• Knee joint deformities that impair function and quality of life.
• Significant injury to the knee structures requiring surgical repair.

Conditions Treated with Knee Surgery

• Osteoarthritis: Severe cases that do not respond to medication, physical therapy, or lifestyle changes.
• Ligament Injuries: ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL tears requiring surgical repair or reconstruction.
• Meniscal Tears: That cause ongoing pain and dysfunction.
• Cartilage Damage: Resulting from injury or degenerative conditions.
• Knee Deformities: Causing functional impairment.
• Traumatic Knee Injuries: Such as fractures or dislocations needing surgical correction.

Recovery Times

Recovery time after knee surgery varies depending on the type of procedure performed and the individual patient’s condition. Generally:

• Arthroscopy: Recovery is relatively quick, with most patients returning to normal activities within a few weeks.
• Meniscus Surgery: Recovery can take several weeks to a few months, depending on the extent of the repair.
• ACL Reconstruction: Full recovery typically takes 6 to 12 months, with physical therapy playing a crucial role.
• Partial Knee Replacement: Recovery usually takes about 3 to 6 months.
• Total Knee Replacement: Most patients resume normal activities within 3 to 6 months, although full recovery can take up to a year.

Tips for a Good Recovery

1. Follow Postoperative Instructions: Adhere to your surgeon’s guidelines on wound care, activity restrictions, and medication.
2. Physical Therapy: Engage in prescribed physical therapy exercises to regain strength, flexibility, and mobility.
3. Home Modifications: Make necessary adjustments at home, such as installing grab bars and using a raised toilet seat.
4. Healthy Diet: Maintain a balanced diet to support healing and overall health.
5. Avoid High-Impact Activities: Steer clear of activities that may strain the knee joint, such as running and jumping.
6. Attend Follow-Up Appointments: Regular check-ups with your surgeon to monitor progress and address any concerns.

Conclusion

Knee surgery offers a range of solutions for individuals suffering from various knee conditions and injuries. Whether it involves minimally invasive arthroscopy or a more extensive joint replacement, these procedures aim to alleviate pain, restore function, and enhance quality of life. If you are experiencing debilitating knee pain or instability and conservative treatments have not provided relief, knee surgery with Professor Ali Ghoz may be the right option for you. Consult with Professor Ghoz to discuss your condition and develop a personalised treatment plan tailored to your needs.