What is Computer-Assisted Surgery?

Computer-assisted surgery (CAS), also known as computer-aided surgery, is an advanced surgical technique that utilizes computer technology to enhance the precision and accuracy of various surgical procedures. In orthopaedics, CAS is commonly used for joint replacements and other complex surgeries. The technology provides real-time imaging and detailed preoperative planning, helping surgeons to achieve optimal alignment and positioning of implants.

How is Computer-Assisted Surgery Done?

1. Preoperative Planning: Detailed imaging studies, such as CT or MRI scans, are used to create a 3D model of the patient’s anatomy. This model helps in planning the surgical procedure with high precision.
2. Anaesthesia: The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia or regional anaesthesia (spinal or epidural), ensuring the patient is pain-free during the surgery.
3. Incision: An incision is made to access the surgical site.
4. Navigation System Setup: Special markers or sensors are placed on the patient’s body and surgical instruments. These markers are tracked by a computer navigation system throughout the surgery.
5. Real-Time Imaging: The computer system provides real-time, 3D images of the surgical area, allowing the surgeon to navigate with high accuracy.
6. Surgical Procedure: The surgeon uses the computer-generated images and data to guide the placement of implants or perform other surgical tasks with enhanced precision.
7. Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or staples, and a sterile dressing is applied.

Why is Computer-Assisted Surgery Done?

Computer-assisted surgery is performed to improve the accuracy and outcomes of surgical procedures. This technology is particularly beneficial for:

• Ensuring precise alignment and positioning of implants in joint replacement surgeries.
• Reducing the risk of complications and improving the longevity of implants.
• Enhancing the surgeon’s ability to navigate complex anatomical structures.
• Improving overall surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Who Might Need Computer-Assisted Surgery?

Computer-assisted surgery is recommended for individuals who require:

• Joint replacement surgeries (hip, knee, shoulder) with a need for precise implant placement.
• Complex orthopaedic surgeries where accurate navigation is crucial.
• Surgeries involving deformities or unusual anatomical structures.
• Patients seeking the benefits of the latest surgical technologies for improved outcomes.

Conditions Treated with Computer-Assisted Surgery

• Osteoarthritis: Severe degeneration of joints requiring replacement.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Chronic inflammation causing joint damage.
• Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis resulting from previous injuries.
• Joint Deformities: Conditions causing significant deformity and functional impairment.
• Complex Fractures: Fractures requiring precise realignment and fixation.

Recovery Times

Recovery time after computer-assisted surgery is generally similar to that of traditional surgical techniques, but the enhanced precision can lead to fewer complications and potentially quicker rehabilitation. Typically:

• Hospital Stay: Patients usually stay in the hospital for 2-5 days post-surgery, depending on the procedure.
• Initial Recovery: Walking with the aid of crutches or a walker is encouraged within a day or two after surgery.
• Physical Therapy: A structured rehabilitation programme begins soon after surgery to restore strength and mobility.
• Full Recovery: Most patients resume normal activities within 3 to 6 months, though full recovery can take up to a year for some procedures.

Tips for a Good Recovery

1. Follow Postoperative Instructions: Adhere to your surgeon’s guidelines on wound care, activity restrictions, and medication.
2. Physical Therapy: Engage in prescribed physical therapy exercises to enhance strength and mobility.
3. Rest and Elevation: Keep the surgical site elevated and avoid strenuous activities to reduce swelling.
4. Ice Therapy: Apply ice packs to reduce pain and inflammation.
5. Healthy Diet: Maintain a balanced diet to support healing and overall health.
6. Monitor for Complications: Watch for signs of complications such as increased pain, swelling, or infection, and report them to your doctor promptly.

Conclusion

Computer-assisted surgery represents a significant advancement in surgical technology, offering enhanced precision and improved outcomes for various orthopaedic procedures. By utilizing real-time imaging and detailed preoperative planning, CAS helps surgeons perform complex surgeries with greater accuracy and confidence. If you are considering surgery and are interested in the benefits of computer-assisted techniques, a consultation with Professor Ali Ghoz can help determine the best treatment plan tailored to your needs. Consult with Professor Ghoz to discuss your condition and explore the potential advantages of computer-assisted surgery for your case.