What is Knee Arthroscopy?

Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat problems inside the knee joint. This technique involves inserting a small camera, called an arthroscope, into the knee joint through a small incision. The camera displays images on a monitor, allowing the surgeon to view the inside of the joint and perform surgical repairs using miniature instruments. Knee arthroscopy is often preferred due to its smaller incisions, shorter recovery time, and less postoperative pain compared to traditional open surgery.

How is Knee Arthroscopy Done?

1. Preoperative Assessment: The patient undergoes a thorough evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans to assess the knee condition.
2. Anaesthesia: The procedure is typically performed under general anaesthesia, spinal anaesthesia, or local anaesthesia, depending on the patient’s and surgeon’s preference.
3. Incisions: The surgeon makes small incisions around the knee to insert the arthroscope and surgical instruments.
4. Inspection and Diagnosis: The arthroscope is inserted into the knee joint, providing a clear view of the interior structures. The surgeon inspects the joint to diagnose the issue accurately.
5. Surgical Repair: Depending on the diagnosis, the surgeon uses specialised instruments to perform the necessary repairs, such as removing or repairing a torn meniscus, trimming damaged cartilage, or reconstructing ligaments.
6. Closure: The instruments are removed, and the incisions are closed with sutures or steri-strips. A sterile dressing is applied to the knee.

Why is Knee Arthroscopy Done?

Knee arthroscopy is performed to diagnose and treat various knee problems that cause pain, swelling, and impaired function. It is commonly used for conditions that do not respond to non-surgical treatments such as physical therapy, medications, or injections. The procedure allows for direct visualisation and treatment of issues within the knee joint.

Who Might Need Knee Arthroscopy?

Knee arthroscopy is recommended for individuals experiencing:

• Persistent knee pain that does not respond to conservative treatments.
• Swelling and inflammation within the knee joint.
• Locking or catching sensations in the knee.
• Limited range of motion.
• Knee instability or mechanical symptoms.

Conditions Treated with Knee Arthroscopy

• Meniscal Tears: Repairing or removing torn meniscus tissue.
• Cartilage Damage: Trimming or smoothing damaged cartilage.
• Ligament Injuries: Assessing and sometimes repairing ligament tears.
• Loose Bodies: Removing fragments of bone or cartilage that are floating in the joint.
• Synovitis: Removing inflamed synovial tissue.
• Patellar (Kneecap) Problems: Treating issues related to the kneecap.

Recovery Times

Recovery time after knee arthroscopy varies depending on the specific procedure performed and the individual patient’s condition. Generally:

• Initial Recovery: Most patients can go home the same day of the surgery.
• Activity Level: Light activities and return to work can typically resume within a week, depending on the nature of the job.
• Physical Therapy: A rehabilitation programme is often recommended to regain strength and mobility.
• Full Recovery: Most patients experience significant improvement within 4 to 6 weeks, though full recovery can take several months, particularly for more extensive repairs.

Tips for a Good Recovery

1. Follow Postoperative Instructions: Adhere to your surgeon’s guidelines on wound care, activity restrictions, and medication.
2. Physical Therapy: Participate in prescribed physical therapy exercises to enhance strength and mobility.
3. Rest and Elevation: Keep the knee elevated and avoid strenuous activities to reduce swelling.
4. Ice Therapy: Apply ice packs to the knee to reduce pain and inflammation.
5. Healthy Diet: Maintain a balanced diet to support healing and overall health.
6. Attend Follow-Up Appointments: Regular check-ups with your surgeon to monitor progress and address any concerns.

Conclusion

Knee arthroscopy is an effective and minimally invasive option for diagnosing and treating a variety of knee conditions. By allowing direct visualisation and treatment of the joint, this procedure can significantly reduce pain, improve function, and speed up recovery times compared to traditional open surgery. If you are experiencing knee pain or instability that has not responded to conservative treatments, knee arthroscopy with Professor Ali Ghoz may be the right option for you. Consult with Professor Ghoz to discuss your condition and develop a personalised treatment plan tailored to your needs.